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The Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paris, commonly known as Sacré-Cœur Basilica and often simply Sacré-Cœur ((フランス語:Basilique du Sacré-Cœur), pronounced (:sakʁe kœʁ)), is a Roman Catholic church and minor basilica, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, in Paris, France. A popular landmark, the basilica is located at the summit of the ''butte Montmartre'', the highest point in the city. Sacré-Cœur is a double monument, political and cultural, both a national penance for the defeat of France in the 1871 Franco-Prussian War and the socialist Paris Commune of 1871〔An amendement that would have specified that the undertaking "was not solely a protestation of the taking up of arms by the Commune, but a sign of appeasement and concord" was rejected. (David Harvey, ("Monument and Myth" ) ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 69.3 (September 1979, pp. 362–381) p 377).〕 crowning its most rebellious neighborhood, and an embodiment of conservative moral order, publicly dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, which was an increasingly popular vision of a loving and sympathetic Christ.〔Raymond Anthony Jonas, ''France and the cult of the Sacred Heart: an epic tale for modern times'', (University of California) 2000, ch. "Building the Church of the National Vow".〕 The Sacré-Cœur Basilica was designed by Paul Abadie. Construction began in 1875 and was finished in 1914. It was consecrated after the end of World War I in 1919. ==Basilique of the Sacré Cœur== The inspiration for Sacré Cœur's design originated on September 4, 1870, the day of the proclamation of the Third Republic, with a speech by Bishop Fournier attributing the defeat of French troops during the Franco-Prussian War to a divine punishment after "a century of moral decline" since the French Revolution, in the wake of the division in French society that arose in the decades following that revolution, between devout Catholics and legitimist royalists on one side,〔Marguerite Marie Alacoque, the evangelist for veneration of the Sacred Heart, was beatified by Pope Pius IX in 1864.〕 and democrats, secularists, socialists and radicals on the other. This schism in the French social order became particularly pronounced after the 1870 withdrawal of the French military garrison protecting the Vatican in Rome to the front of the Franco-Prussian War by Napoleon III,〔http://www.sacre-coeur-montmartre.com/english/history-and-visit/article/the-origin-of-the-construction-of "The Origin of the Construction of the Basilica, A "National Vow"〕 the secular uprising of the Paris Commune of 1870-1871, and the subsequent 1871 defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War. Though today the Basilica is asserted〔http://www.france-hotel-guide.com/en/basilique-du-sacre-coeur.htm〕 to be dedicated in honor of the 58,000 who lost their lives during the war, the decree of the Assemblée nationale, 24 July 1873, responding to a request by the archbishop of Paris by voting its construction, specifies that it is to "expiate the crimes of the Commune".〔http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/rap-info/i1262.asp〕 Montmartre had been the site of the Commune's first insurrection, and the Communards had executed Georges Darboy, Archbishop of Paris, who became a martyr for the resurgent Catholic Church. His successor Guibert, climbing the Butte Montmartre in October 1872, was reported to have had a vision, as clouds dispersed over the panorama: "It is here, it is here where the martyrs are,〔General Lecomte and General Clement Thomas, shot by insurrectionists in the early days of the Commune, in the garden of 6, rue des Rosiers. (Harvey ("Monument and Myth" 1979, P 370 )).〕 it is here that the Sacred Heart must reign so that it can beckon all to come".〔Reported in the history of the construction to 1890, written from a dedicated Catholic perspective, by R. P. Jonquet, ''Montmartre Autrefois et Aujourd’hui'' (Paris: Dumoulin) 1890; quoted by Harvey ("Monument and Myth" 1979, P364 ).〕 In the moment of inertia following the resignation of the government of Adolphe Thiers, 24 May 1873, François Pie, bishop of Poitiers, expressed the national yearning for spiritual renewal— "the hour of the Church has come"—〔Louis Baunard, ''Histoire du cardinal Pie'' 1886, vol. II:498, quoted in Raymond A. Jonas, "Monument as Ex-Voto, Monument as Historiosophy: The Basilica of Sacre-Coeur" ''French Historical Studies'' 18.2 (Autumn 1993, pp. 482–502) p. 483.〕 that would be expressed through the "Government of Moral Order" of the Third Republic, which linked Catholic institutions with secular ones, in "a project of religious and national renewal, the main features of which were the restoration of monarchy and the defense of Rome within a cultural framework of official piety",〔Jonas 1993:485〕 of which Sacré-Cœur is the chief lasting triumphalist〔"The reaction to the communes of Paris and Lyon were triumphalist monuments, the Sacré-Cœur of Montmartre and the basilica of Fourvière, dominating both cities. These buildings were erected using private funds, as gigantic ex-votos, thanking God for the victory over the socialists and in expiation of the sins of modern France." (Bertrand Taithe, ''Citizenship and Wars: France in Turmoil, 1870–1871'', chapter "Religious Identities and Citizenship" 2001:100).〕 monument. The decree voting its construction as a "matter of public utility", 24 July,〔According to its minutes; 23 July according to the dedicatory inscription in the Basilica.〕 followed close on Thiers' resignation. The project was expressed by the Church as a National Vow (''Voeu national'') and financial support came from parishes throughout France. The dedicatory inscription records the Basilica as the accomplishment of a vow by Alexandre Legentil and Hubert Rohault de Fleury, ratified by Joseph-Hippolyte Guibert, Archbishop of Paris. The project took many years to complete. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sacré-Cœur, Paris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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